Thermal Hydrogen Plant (with and without CCS)
Graph structure
A thermal hydrogen plant (with and without CCS) is represented in Macro using the following graph structure:
A thermal hydrogen plant (with and without CCS) is made of:
- 1
Transformationcomponent, representing the thermal hydrogen plant (with and without CCS). - 5
Edgecomponents:- 1 incoming
FuelEdge, representing the fuel supply. - 1 incoming
ElectricityEdge, representing the electricity consumption. - 1 outgoing
HydrogenEdge, representing the hydrogen production. This edge can have unit commitment operations. - 1 outgoing
CO2Edge, representing the CO2 that is emitted. - 1 outgoing
CO2CapturedEdge, representing the CO2 that is captured (only if CCS is present).
- 1 incoming
Attributes
The structure of the input file for a ThermalHydrogen asset follows the graph representation. Each global_data and instance_data will look like this:
{
"transforms":{
// ... transformation-specific attributes ...
},
"edges":{
"fuel_edge": {
// ... fuel_edge-specific attributes ...
},
"elec_edge": {
// ... elec_edge-specific attributes ...
},
"h2_edge": {
// ... h2_edge-specific attributes ...
},
"co2_edge": {
// ... co2_edge-specific attributes ...
},
"co2_captured_edge": {
// ... co2_captured_edge-specific attributes, only if CCS is present ...
}
}
}Transformation
The definition of the transformation object can be found here MacroEnergy.Transformation.
| Attribute | Type | Values | Default | Description/Units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| timedata | String | String | Required | Time resolution for the time series data linked to the transformation. E.g. "NaturalGas". |
| constraints | Dict{String,Bool} | Any Macro constraint type for vertices | BalanceConstraint | List of constraints applied to the transformation. E.g. {"BalanceConstraint": true}. |
| electricity_consumption $\epsilon_{elec\_consumption}$ | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | $MWh_{elec}/MWh_{h2}$ |
| fuel_consumption $\epsilon_{fuel\_consumption}$ | Float64 | Float64 | 1.0 | $MWh_{fuel}/MWh_{h2}$ |
| emission_rate $\epsilon_{emission\_rate}$ | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | $t_{CO2}/MWh_{fuel}$ |
| capture_rate $\epsilon_{co2\_capture\_rate}$ | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | $t_{CO2}/MWh_{fuel}$ |
The default constraint for the transformation part of the ThermalHydrogen asset is the following:
Flow equations
In the following equations, $\phi$ is the flow of the commodity and $\epsilon$ is the stoichiometric coefficient defined in the transformation table below.
Note: Fuel is the type of the fuel being converted.
\[\begin{aligned} \phi_{fuel} &= \phi_{h2} \cdot \epsilon_{fuel\_consumption} \\ \phi_{elec} &= \phi_{h2} \cdot \epsilon_{elec\_consumption} \\ \phi_{co2} &= \phi_{fuel} \cdot \epsilon_{emission\_rate} \\ \phi_{co2\_captured} &= \phi_{fuel} \cdot \epsilon_{co2\_capture\_rate} \quad \text{(if CCS)} \\ \end{aligned}\]
Edges
The Hydrogen edge can have unit commitment operations. To enable it, the user needs to set the uc attribute to true. The default constraints for unit commitment case are the following:
In case of no unit commitment, the uc attribute is set to false and the default constraints are the following:
As a modeling decision, only the Hydrogen and Fuel edges are allowed to expand. Therefore, both the has_capacity and constraints attributes can only be set for those edges. For all the other edges, these attributes are pre-set to false and to an empty list respectively to ensure the correct modeling of the asset.
All the edges are represented by the same set of attributes. The definition of the Edge object can be found here MacroEnergy.Edge.
| Attribute | Type | Values | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| type | String | Any Macro commodity type matching the commodity of the edge | Required | Commodity of the edge. E.g. "Hydrogen". |
| start_vertex | String | Any node id present in the system matching the commodity of the edge | Required | ID of the starting vertex of the edge. The node must be present in the nodes.json file. E.g. "elec_node_1". |
| end_vertex | String | Any node id present in the system matching the commodity of the edge | Required | ID of the ending vertex of the edge. The node must be present in the nodes.json file. E.g. "elec_node_2". |
| constraints | Dict{String,Bool} | Any Macro constraint type for Edges | See note above | List of constraints applied to the edge. E.g. {"CapacityConstraint": true}. |
| availability | Dict | Availability file path and header | Empty | Path to the availability file and column name for the availability time series to link to the edge. E.g. {"timeseries": {"path": "assets/availability.csv", "header": "SE_ATR_wCCS"}}. |
| can_expand | Bool | Bool | false | Whether the edge is eligible for capacity expansion. |
| can_retire | Bool | Bool | false | Whether the edge is eligible for capacity retirement. |
| capacity_size | Float64 | Float64 | 1.0 | Size of the edge capacity. |
| existing_capacity | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | Existing capacity of the edge in MW. |
| fixed_om_cost | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | Fixed operations and maintenance cost (USD/MW-year). |
| has_capacity | Bool | Bool | false | Whether capacity variables are created for the edge (only available for the Hydrogen and Fuel edges). |
| integer_decisions | Bool | Bool | false | Whether capacity variables are integers. |
| investment_cost | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | Annualized capacity investment cost (USD/MW-year) |
| loss_fraction | Float64 | Number $\in$ [0,1] | 0.0 | Fraction of transmission loss. |
| max_capacity | Float64 | Float64 | Inf | Maximum allowed capacity of the edge (MW). Note: add the MaxCapacityConstraint to the constraints dictionary to activate this constraint. |
| min_capacity | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | Minimum allowed capacity of the edge (MW). Note: add the MinCapacityConstraint to the constraints dictionary to activate this constraint. |
| min_flow_fraction | Float64 | Number $\in$ [0,1] | 0.0 | Minimum flow of the edge as a fraction of the total capacity. Note: add the MinFlowConstraint to the constraints dictionary to activate this constraint. |
| min_down_time | Int64 | Int64 | 0 | Minimum amount of time the edge has to remain in the shutdown state before starting up again. Note: add the MinDownTimeConstraint to the constraints dictionary to activate this constraint. |
| min_up_time | Int64 | Int64 | 0 | Minimum amount of time the edge has to remain in the committed state. Note: add the MinUpTimeConstraint to the constraints dictionary to activate this constraint. |
| ramp_down_fraction | Float64 | Number $\in$ [0,1] | 1.0 | Maximum decrease in flow between two time steps, reported as a fraction of the capacity. Note: add the RampingLimitConstraint to the constraints dictionary to activate this constraint. |
| ramp_up_fraction | Float64 | Number $\in$ [0,1] | 1.0 | Maximum increase in flow between two time steps, reported as a fraction of the capacity. Note: add the RampingLimitConstraint to the constraints dictionary to activate this constraint. |
| startup_cost | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | Cost per MW of capacity to start a generator (USD/MW per start). |
| startup_fuel | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | Startup fuel use per MW of capacity (MWh/MW per start). |
| uc | Bool | Bool | false | Whether the edge has unit commitment operations. |
| variable_om_cost | Float64 | Float64 | 0.0 | Variable operation and maintenance cost (USD/MWh). |
Example
The following is an example of the input file for a ThermalHydrogenCCS asset that creates three ThermalHydrogenCCS assets, one in each of the SE, MIDAT and NE regions.
{
"NaturalGasH2ATRCCS": [
{
"type": "ThermalHydrogenCCS",
"global_data": {
"transforms": {
"timedata": "NaturalGas",
"constraints": {
"BalanceConstraint": true
}
},
"edges": {
"h2_edge": {
"type": "Hydrogen",
"unidirectional": true,
"has_capacity": true,
"can_retire": true,
"can_expand": true,
"integer_decisions": false,
"uc": true,
"constraints": {
"CapacityConstraint": true,
"RampingLimitConstraint": true,
"MinFlowConstraint": true,
"MinUpTimeConstraint": true,
"MinDownTimeConstraint": true
}
},
"fuel_edge": {
"type": "NaturalGas",
"unidirectional": true,
"has_capacity": false
},
"co2_edge": {
"type": "CO2",
"unidirectional": true,
"has_capacity": false,
"end_vertex": "co2_sink"
},
"co2_captured_edge": {
"type": "CO2Captured",
"unidirectional": true,
"has_capacity": false,
"end_vertex": "co2_captured_sink"
},
"elec_edge": {
"type": "Electricity",
"unidirectional": true,
"has_capacity": false
}
}
},
"instance_data": [
{
"id": "SE_ATR_wCCS_94pct",
"transforms": {
"emission_rate": 0.003794329,
"fuel_consumption": 1.300184721664035,
"electricity_consumption": 0.101574,
"capture_rate": 0.065193472
},
"edges": {
"h2_edge": {
"end_vertex": "h2_SE",
"availability": {
"timeseries": {
"path": "assets/availability.csv",
"header": "SE_ATR_wCCS_94pct"
}
},
"existing_capacity": 0.0,
"investment_cost": 57497.91679,
"fixed_om_cost": 23292.27286,
"variable_om_cost": 9.262366684,
"capacity_size": 1082.95,
"startup_cost": 0.253936008,
"min_up_time": 22,
"min_down_time": 12,
"ramp_up_fraction": 0.5,
"ramp_down_fraction": 0.5,
"min_flow_fraction": 0.85
},
"fuel_edge": {
"start_vertex": "natgas_SE"
},
"elec_edge": {
"start_vertex": "elec_SE"
}
}
},
{
"id": "MIDAT_ATR_wCCS_94pct",
"transforms": {
"emission_rate": 0.003794329,
"fuel_consumption": 1.300184721664035,
"electricity_consumption": 0.101574,
"capture_rate": 0.065193472
},
"edges": {
"h2_edge": {
"end_vertex": "h2_MIDAT",
"availability": {
"timeseries": {
"path": "assets/availability.csv",
"header": "MIDAT_ATR_wCCS_94pct"
}
},
"existing_capacity": 0.0,
"investment_cost": 57497.91679,
"fixed_om_cost": 23292.27286,
"variable_om_cost": 9.262366684,
"capacity_size": 1082.95,
"startup_cost": 0.253936008,
"min_up_time": 22,
"min_down_time": 12,
"ramp_up_fraction": 0.5,
"ramp_down_fraction": 0.5,
"min_flow_fraction": 0.85
},
"fuel_edge": {
"start_vertex": "natgas_MIDAT"
},
"elec_edge": {
"start_vertex": "elec_MIDAT"
}
}
},
{
"id": "NE_ATR_wCCS_94pct",
"transforms": {
"emission_rate": 0.003794329,
"fuel_consumption": 1.300184721664035,
"electricity_consumption": 0.101574,
"capture_rate": 0.065193472
},
"edges": {
"h2_edge": {
"end_vertex": "h2_NE",
"availability": {
"timeseries": {
"path": "assets/availability.csv",
"header": "NE_ATR_wCCS_94pct"
}
},
"existing_capacity": 0.0,
"investment_cost": 57497.91679,
"fixed_om_cost": 23292.27286,
"variable_om_cost": 9.262366684,
"capacity_size": 1082.95,
"startup_cost": 0.253936008,
"min_up_time": 22,
"min_down_time": 12,
"ramp_up_fraction": 0.5,
"ramp_down_fraction": 0.5,
"min_flow_fraction": 0.85
},
"fuel_edge": {
"start_vertex": "natgas_NE"
},
"elec_edge": {
"start_vertex": "elec_NE"
}
}
}
]
}
]
}