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Assets

Overview

Macro is designed to be a flexible and modular model that can adapt to various energy system representations. The model provides a rich library of pre-defined assets, enabling a "plug-and-play" approach for users building their own energy system.

Each asset is defined by a combination of transformations, edges, and storage units that represent the physical and operational characteristics of a technology. These assets can be combined to create a detailed representation of the energy system, capturing the interactions between technologies and sectors.

In the following sections, we will introduce each asset type and show the attributes that can be set for each of them as well as the equations that define the conversion processes. We will also provide a graphical representation of the asset in terms of transformations, edges, and storages to help the user understand the structure of the asset.

Each asset page follows a consistent structure with the following sections:

  1. Overview: A brief description of what the asset represents and its role in energy systems
  2. Asset Structure: A graphical representation showing the transformations, edges, and storages present in the asset
  3. Flow Equations (where applicable): Mathematical relationships governing the asset's conversion processes
  4. Input File (Standard Format): How to create and configure the asset using JSON or CSV files
  5. Types - Asset Structure: The Julia type definition and internal structure
  6. Constructors: The Julia constructors for the asset
  7. Examples: Practical examples showing different configurations and use cases
  8. Best Practices: Guidelines for effective asset configuration and usage
  9. Input File (Advanced Format): Advanced configuration options and formats

Macro Asset Library

The current library includes the following assets:

Battery

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph Battery direction BT A((Electricity)) e1@-->|Charge| B[Storage] B e2@-->|Discharge| A e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } end style A font-size:19px,r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black; linkStyle 0,1 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px;

BECCS Electricity

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph BECCSElectricity direction BT B((Biomass)) e1@--> A{{..}} C((CO₂ Source)) e2@--> A A e5@--> D((Electricity)) A e3@--> E((CO₂ Emitted)) A e4@--> F((CO₂ Captured)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } e3@{ animate: true } e4@{ animate: true } e5@{ animate: true } end style A fill:black,stroke:black,color:black; style B r:55px,fill:palegreen,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style D font-size:21px,r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style E font-size:17px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style F font-size:15px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:palegreen, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 1,3,4 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 2 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px;

BECCS Hydrogen

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph BECCSHydrogen direction BT B((Biomass)) e1@--> A{{..}} C((CO₂ Source)) e2@--> A D((Electricity)) e3@--> A A e4@--> E((Hydrogen)) A e5@--> F((Emitted CO₂)) A e6@--> G((Captured CO₂)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } e3@{ animate: true } e4@{ animate: true } e5@{ animate: true } e6@{ animate: true } end style A fill:black,stroke:black,color:black; style B r:55px,fill:palegreen,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style D r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style E font-size:21px,r:55px,fill:lightblue,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style F font-size:17px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style G font-size:15px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:palegreen, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 1 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 2 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 3 stroke:lightblue, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 4 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 5 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px;

Electric DAC

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph ElectricDAC direction LR A((Electricity)) e1@--> C{{..}} B((CO₂)) e2@--> C C e3@--> D((CO₂ Captured)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } e3@{ animate: true } end style A r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C fill:black,stroke:black,color:black; style D r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px, stroke-dasharray: 5 5; linkStyle 1 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 2 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px;

Electrolyzer

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph Electrolyzer direction LR A((Electricity)) e1@--> B{{..}} B e2@--> C((Hydrogen)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } end style A font-size:19px,r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B fill:black,stroke:black,color:black; style C font-size:21px,r:55px,fill:lightblue,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px, stroke-dasharray: 5 5; linkStyle 1 stroke:lightblue, stroke-width: 2px, stroke-dasharray: 5 5;

Fuel Cell

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph FuelCell direction LR A((Hydrogen)) e1@--> B{{..}} B e2@--> C((Electricity)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } end style A r:48px,fill:lightblue,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B fill:black,stroke:black,color:black; style C r:48px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:lightblue, stroke-width: 2px, stroke-dasharray: 5 5; linkStyle 1 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px, stroke-dasharray: 5 5;

Gas Storage

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph GasStorage direction LR A((Electricity)) e1@--> C{{..}} e2@--> A((Electricity)) B((Gas Type)) e3@--> C{{..}} e4@--> B((Gas Type)) C e5@--> D[Storage] e6@--> C e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } e3@{ animate: true } e4@{ animate: true } e5@{ animate: true } e6@{ animate: true } end style A font-size:19px,r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B r:44px,fill:lightblue,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C fill:black,stroke:black,color:black; style D fill:lightblue,stroke:black,color:black; linkStyle 0,1 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 3px; linkStyle 2,3 stroke:lightblue, stroke-width: 3px; linkStyle 4,5 stroke:lightblue, stroke-width: 3px;

Hydro Reservoir

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph HydroRes direction LR A((Hydro Source)) e1@--> B[Storage] e2@--> C((Electricity)) B e3@--> A e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } e3@{ animate: true } end style A r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black; style C r:48px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 1 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 2 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px;

Must Run

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph MustRun direction LR A{{..}} e1@--> B((Electricity)) e1@{ animate: true } end style A fill:black,stroke:black,color:black; style B fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px, stroke-dasharray: 5 5;

Natural Gas DAC

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph NaturalGasDAC direction BT A((Natural Gas)) e1@--> C{{..}} B((CO₂)) e2@--> C{{..}} C{{..}} e3@--> D((Electricity)) C{{..}} e4@--> E((CO₂ Emitted)) C{{..}} e5@--> F((CO₂ Captured)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } e3@{ animate: true } e4@{ animate: true } e5@{ animate: true } end style A r:55px,fill:#005F6A,stroke:black,color:white, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C r:55px,fill:black,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style D font-size:19px,r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style E font-size:17px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style F font-size:15px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#005F6A, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 1 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 2 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 3 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 4 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px;

Transmission Link

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph TransmissionLink direction LR A((Commodity)) e1@-->|Transmission| B((Commodity)) e1@{ animate: true } end style A r:40,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B r:40,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px;

Thermal Hydrogen Plant (with and without CCS)

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph ThermalHydrogen direction BT A((Fuel)) e1@--> C{{..}} B((Electricity)) e2@--> C{{..}} C{{..}} e3@--> D((Hydrogen)) C{{..}} e4@--> E((CO₂ Emitted)) C{{..}} e5@--> F((CO₂ Captured)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } e3@{ animate: true } e4@{ animate: true } e5@{ animate: true } end style A r:55px,fill:#005F6A,stroke:black,color:white,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C r:55px,fill:black,stroke:black,color:black, stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style D font-size:21px,r:55px,fill:lightblue,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style E font-size:17px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style F font-size:15px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#005F6A, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 1 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 2 stroke:lightblue, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 3,4 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px;

Thermal Power Plant (with and without CCS)

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph ThermalPower direction BT A((Fuel)) e1@ --> B{{..}} B e2@ --> C((Electricity)) B e3@ --> D((CO₂ Emitted)) B e4@ --> E((CO₂ Captured)) e1@{animate: true} e2@{animate: true} e3@{animate: true} e4@{animate: true} end style A r:55px,fill:#005F6A,stroke:black,color:white,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B r:55px,fill:black,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C font-size:19px,r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style D font-size:17px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style E font-size:15px,r:55px,fill:lightgray,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#005F6A, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 1 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 2 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 3 stroke:lightgray, stroke-width: 2px;

Variable Renewable Energy resources (VRE)

%%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'background': '#D1EBDE' }}}%% flowchart LR subgraph VRE direction LR A((Energy Source)) e1@--> B{{..}} B e2@--> C((Electricity)) e1@{ animate: true } e2@{ animate: true } end style A r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style B r:55px,fill:black,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; style C font-size:20px,r:55px,fill:#FFD700,stroke:black,color:black,stroke-dasharray: 3,5; linkStyle 0 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px; linkStyle 1 stroke:#FFD700, stroke-width: 2px;